Index

Abraham and Isaac, A Panegyric on Abraham

absurd, Preliminary Expectoration

action, [The Application of Logic to Human Conduct], Of Motives

See also acts

moral worth of, [Duty as Respect for Law]

actions, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

consequences of, [Categorical Imperative]

See also consequentialism

from duty, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

from sake of duty, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

honorable, [Can Virtue Be Taught?]

instinctual, [The Good Will], Topics Worth Investigating

moral worth of, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

natural, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

right, [Emotivism: Is Ethics Based on Feelings?], [Categorical Imperative]

selfish, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

acts, Value… How to be Measured

afterlife

spirit, Rules for an Honorable Warfare

Agassiz, Louis, What Makes a Life Significant? by WilliamJames

aggregation bias, Topics Worth Investigating

Alexander (the Great), [Origins of Morality]

altruism, [The Fatalistic Fallacy]

anarchists, [One Last Example]

Antiphon, The Ring of Gyges by Plato, The Reading Selection from The Republic

apatheia, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus

appetite, Ideas of Interest from The Ethics, [The Illusory Nature of Free Decisions]

See also emotion

bodily, [Decision Defined]

Aquinas, Thomas, [Whether God Is the Source of Right]

arete, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus

areté, Topics Worth Investigating

Aristiotle, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident]

Aristotle, Ideas of Interest from The Life of Epicurus, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating

art, 6 [Disposition to Choose the Mean]

asceticism, Basic Ideas of Morality, [Fundamental Maxims]

principle of, Of Principles Adverse to that of Utility

associationism, [Conscience Formed by Association], Topics Worth Investigating

astronomy, [The Theory of the Tides], [Critique of Mill's Science of Human Nature]

Bacon, Francis, [Psychological Aspect of Dying]

Bain, Alexander, Conscience Is Learned by AlexanderBain

barbarism, Ideas of Interest from The Soul of an Indian

behaviorism, Topics Worth Investigating

belief, Topics Worth Investigating

Benedict, Ruth, Ethics Are Culturally Relative by Charles A.Ellwood

benevolence, [Cases of Benevolence]

Bentham, Jeremy, A Science of Human Nature by John StuartMill, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating, Egoism Is Mistaken by DavidHume, Topics Worth Investigating, Happiness Is the Greatest Good by JeremyBentham

Brentano, Franz, [Moral Judgments Are Not Objective]

Brooks, Phillips, [Ideas of Individuals]

Bryan, William Cullen, [Psychological Aspect of Dying]

Buckle, Thomas Henry, [General Laws Are Not Deterministic]

Camus, Albert

meaning of life, Topics Worth Investigating

capital punishment, Rules for an Honorable Warfare

categorical imperative, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident], Act in Accordance with Universal Law by ImmanuelKant, [Categorical Imperative]

causality, Positive Philosophy by AugustComte

local, [The Theory of the Tides]

cause, 1 [How Moral Virtue is Acquired]

natural, [Origin of Life]

cell, organic

discovery of, [Life Explained by Scientific Law]

chance, Varieties of Determinism, [The Application of Logic to Human Conduct], The Reading Selection from Pensées

character, Silence the Corner-Stone of Character, 6 [Disposition to Choose the Mean], [Ideals]

moral, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

choice, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

Christianity, [Public Benefits]

civilization, Silence the Corner-Stone of Character

See also society

code of honor, [Conscience Formed by Association]

Colding, Ludvig, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]

competition, Ethics Are Culturally Relative by Charles A.Ellwood

Comte, August, Positive Philosophy by AugustComte

condition

necessary and sufficient, Ideas of Interest from The Will to Believe

confidence, [Fundamental Maxims]

conscience, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident], [Categorical Imperative]

association, [Nature of Conscience]

definition, [Nature of Conscience]

emotive theory, [Nature of Conscience]

consequentialism, Important Ideas from Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, Topics Worth Investigating

contentment, Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting

contract

social, [Fundamental Maxims]

cooperation, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution

courage, An Indian Conception of Courage, [Do All Virtues Imply Knowledge?]

culture, [Culture, Courage, Ideals, and Joyful Sympathy]

custom

American Indian, Basic Ideas of Morality

cynicism, [The Fatalistic Fallacy]

Dawkins, Richard, Topics Worth Investigating

death, [Fundamental Maxims], The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

confession, Ideas of Interest from Infidel Death-Beds

not to be feared, Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting

deduction

geometrical method, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza

democracy, [Creation of Values]

Descartes, René, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza, Introduction

desire

object of, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion, [Pleasure Not Directly Sought]

desires, [Fundamental Maxims]

suppression of, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

despotism, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution

determinism, Topics Worth Investigating, Varieties of Determinism, Topics Worth Investigating, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza

soft, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus

Spinoza, [Decision Defined]

Diogenes, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

doctrine of the mean, [The Good Will]

dogmatism, [The Fatalistic Fallacy]

doubt, A Panegyric on Abraham

dreams, [Nature of Human Action], Topics Worth Investigating

duty, [Conscience Formed by Association], [The Good Will]

definition of, [Duty as Respect for Law]

Eastman, Charles A., The Soul of the Indian by Ohiyesa

economics, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution

effect of contiguous association, [Conscience Formed by Association]

egoism, Topics Worth Investigating, The Ring of Gyges by Plato, [State of Nature]

ethical, Topics Worth Investigating

Hume, [The Self-Interest Hypothesis]

psychological, Topics Worth Investigating

Egyptians, [Origins of Morality]

Ellwood, Charles A., Ethics Are Culturally Relative by Charles A.Ellwood

emotion, The Reading Selection from Pensées

greed, [One Last Example]

passion, [James's Thesis], Ideas of Interest from the Nichomachean Ethics, Topics Worth Investigating

emotions, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

sorrow, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

emotive theory, The Objectivity of Moral Judgements by G. E.Moore

emotivism, [Emotivism: Is Ethics Based on Feelings?]

empiricism, Conscience Is Learned by AlexanderBain, [The Positive State], Act in Accordance with Universal Law by ImmanuelKant

Enchiridion, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus

ends

justify means, Topics Worth Investigating

energy

and motion, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]

Engels, Frederick, Science of Natural Processes by FrederickEngels

Epictetus, Topics Worth Investigating, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus

Epicurus, Topics Worth Investigating, [The Self-Interest Hypothesis]

epistemology, Act in Accordance with Universal Law by ImmanuelKant

eternity, [Fundamental Maxims]

ethical absolutism

as false, [Moral Judgments Are Not Objective]

ethics, Ideas of Interest from The Republic, Topics Worth Investigating

See also morals

as normative, [Ethics Is Not Normative]

codes of, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution

definition, The Study of Society

deontology, Topics Worth Investigating

doctrine of the mean, Ideas of Interest from the Nichomachean Ethics, 6 [Disposition to Choose the Mean]

duty, Topics Worth Investigating

feminist, A Science of Human Nature by John StuartMill

of duty, Act in Accordance with Universal Law by ImmanuelKant

philosophical, Philosophical Ethics

practice vstheory, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident]

religious, Philosophical Ethics

rules, [Conscience Formed by Association]

sociological basis, [Is Ethics Based on What Society Thinks?]

universal law of, [Categorical Imperative]

eudaimonia, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus, What is the Life of Excellence? by Aristotle

evil, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza, [Knowledge and Pleasure]]

evolution

theory of, [Origins of the Varieties of Organisms]

excellence, 6 [Disposition to Choose the Mean]

existence, The Reading Selection from Pensées, Truth is Faith by SørenKierkegaard

existentialism, Topics Worth Investigating

twentieth century, The Will to Believe by William James

faith, The Reading Selection from Pensées, Introduction, [Social Relations]

See also religion

fallacy

composition, Topics Worth Investigating

fatalistic, [The Fatalistic Fallacy]

genetic, Topics Worth Investigating

family, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution

fatalism, Varieties of Determinism, [The Fatalistic Fallacy], [Actions for the Sake of Duty], Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting

fear, [Can Virtue Be Taught?]

overcoming, [Fundamental Maxims]

feelings

of fear vs reason, [Duty as Respect for Law]

felicific calculus, Happiness Is the Greatest Good by JeremyBentham

See also hedonism

Fermat, Pierre de, The Wager by BlaisePascal

flattery

for control, [Uses of Praise and Flattery]

folkways, Topics Worth Investigating

free will, Varieties of Determinism, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza, [The Illusory Nature of Free Decisions], Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting

genuine option, [James's Thesis]

Spinoza, [The Idea of Free Will]

free-will

and determinism, [Exact Prediction Is Compatible with Free Will]

freethinker, [Psychological Aspect of Dying]

Freud, Sigmund, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating

friendship, [Fundamental Maxims], Topics Worth Investigating, [Cases of Benevolence], [Life's Values and Meanings]

generosity, Give All or Nothing!

genetic fallacy, [Is Ethics Sociologically Based?]

See also fallacy, genetic

Glaucon, The Ring of Gyges by Plato

God, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza

Old Testament, A Panegyric on Abraham

that vs.what, The Reading Selection from Pensées

gods, Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

good, [Duty as Respect for Law], 1 [All Activity Aims at Some Good], 5 [Moral Virtue Is Character], The Reading Selection from The Republic, Of Motives, [Master Morality]

as pleasure, Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting

Bentham, Value… How to be Measured

intrinsic, Important Ideas from Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, [Fundamental Maxims], Topics Worth Investigating, 7 [Definition of Happiness], 6 [Happiness Is Not Amusement]

Stoicism, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

good will, Important Ideas from Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, [The Good Will]

government

origin of, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution

Greeks, [Origins of Morality]

groups, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution

happiness, [The Idea of Free Will], The Reading Selection from Pensées, [The Good Will], Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting, 13 [Kinds of Virtue], 6 [Happiness Is Not Amusement], 7 [Happiness Is the Contemplative Life], The Reading Selection from The Republic, Of the Principle of Utility, [Creation of Values]

as duty, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

calculation of, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

See also hedonistic calculus

eudaimonia, Ideas of Interest from the Nichomachean Ethics

hatred, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

hedonism, [Origins of Morality], Topics Worth Investigating, Ideas of Interest from Of Self-Love

See also egoism

calculus, Value… How to be Measured

counterexamples, [Pleasure and Good]

ethical, Topics Worth Investigating

paradox, [Pleasure Not Directly Sought]

psychological, Topics Worth Investigating

hedonistic calculus, Happiness Is the Greatest Good by JeremyBentham

See also hedonism

Hegel, G. W. F., [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident]

Heine, Heinrich, [Psychological Aspect of Dying]

Heraclitus, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

Herschel, William, Act in Accordance with Universal Law by ImmanuelKant

hindrances

personal, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

history

laws of, [General Laws Are Not Deterministic]

progress, [One Last Example]

Hobbes, Thomas, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident], Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza, [The Self-Interest Hypothesis], Topics Worth Investigating

honesty, Important Ideas from Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals

See also lying

honor, Give All or Nothing!, [Uses of Praise and Flattery]

human beings

social nature, [State of Nature]

types of, [Classes of People]

human conduct

science of, [The Application of Logic to Human Conduct]

human nature, Human Beings Are Selfish by BernardMandeville

persuasive definition, [Uses of Praise and Flattery]

social, Topics Worth Investigating

Hume's Fork, Free Will and Determinism

Hume, David, Egoism Is Mistaken by DavidHume

hypothesis

James, [Hypotheses and Options]

religious, [Religious Questions]

scientific, [Discovery in Science]

ideals, [Ideals]

ignorance, [Ethical Error as Ignorance]

and cowardice, [Can Virtue Be Taught?]

Iliad, Topics Worth Investigating

imagination, [The Idea of Free Will]

indeterminism, Varieties of Determinism

induction, [General Laws Are Not Deterministic], [Fundamental Maxims]

infidels, [Religious Use of Dying Repentance]

infinity, The Reading Selection from Pensées

innocence, [Categorical Imperative]

James, William, What Makes a Life Significant? by WilliamJames

option theory, [Hypotheses and Options]

Jewish philosophy, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza

Jonah, [Exact Prediction Is Compatible with Free Will]

Joule, James Prescott, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]

joy, [Culture, Courage, Ideals, and Joyful Sympathy]

judgments

ethical, [Emotivism: Is Ethics Based on Feelings?]

moral, [Ethics Is Not Normative]

Jung, C. G.

psychological types, Topics Worth Investigating

justice

natural, [Fundamental Maxims]

Kant, Immanuel, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident], Act in Accordance with Universal Law by ImmanuelKant

Kaufmann, Walter, Topics Worth Investigating

Kierkegaard, Søren, Topics Worth Investigating, Truth is Faith by SørenKierkegaard

knowledge

absolute, [The Theological State]

and courage, [Can Virtue Be Taught?]

as virtue, [Can Virtue Be Taught?]

practical, [The Science of Human Nature]

the good, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza

theoretical, [Knowledge and Pleasure]]

Laplace, Pierre-Simon, Varieties of Determinism

law, The Reading Selection from The Republic, Happiness Is the Greatest Good by JeremyBentham

Comte, [Fundamental Law of Development]

just, [Fundamental Maxims]

political, [Master Morality]

social development, Positive Philosophy by AugustComte

levels of phenomena, Topics Worth Investigating

life

as drama, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

foundation of, [Life Explained by Scientific Law]

origin of, [Origin of Life]

Locke, John, [The Self-Interest Hypothesis], Topics Worth Investigating

logic, [The Application of Logic to Human Conduct]

love, The Reading Selection from Pensées, Preliminary Expectoration, [Life's Values and Meanings]

of neighbor, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

pathological, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

practical, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

lying, Rules for an Honorable Warfare

Mandeville, Bernard, Human Beings Are Selfish by BernardMandeville

marriage, Basic Ideas of Morality

Marx, Karl, Science of Natural Processes by FrederickEngels

Marxism, Science of Natural Processes by FrederickEngels

master morality, [Classes of People]

master-morality, [Master Morality]

materialism, [Unification of Science of Natural Processes]

early Greek, [Scientific Materialism]

historical, Science of Natural Processes by FrederickEngels

scientific, [Scientific Materialism]

matter

extension, Ideas of Interest from The Ethics, [Infinite Complexity of Nature]

maxim, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

definition of, [Duty as Respect for Law]

Mayer, Robert, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]

means vs ends, [The Good Will]

measurement, [Human Nature as a Subject of Science]

principle of, [Ethical Error as Ignorance]

mechanical equivalent of heat, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]

memory, [The Illusory Nature of Free Decisions]

mental phenomena

laws of, [Aspects of a Science of Human Nature]

metaphysics, [The Metaphysical State]

meteorology, Topics Worth Investigating

middle class, [Life's Values and Meanings]

midlife crisis

arrest of life, The Will to Believe by William James

Mill, John Stuart, Topics Worth Investigating, Positive Philosophy by AugustComte, A Science of Human Nature by John StuartMill, Egoism Is Mistaken by DavidHume

mind-body problem, Ideas of Interest from Ludwig Feuerbach

mind-body relation, [The Unknown Causes of Human Action]

James-Lange theory, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating

necessity, [The Idea of Free Will]

miracle, Varieties of Determinism

miracles, Varieties of Determinism

modifiable area unit problem, Topics Worth Investigating

monism, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza

Moore, G. E., The Objectivity of Moral Judgements by G. E.Moore

moral codes, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution

moral judgment

religious, [Whether God Is the Source of Right]

moral judgments

tautological, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident]

validity of, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident]

morality

master and slave, Topics Worth Investigating

social aspects, The Study of Society

morals, Of the Principle of Utility

education, [Conscience Formed by Association]

evolution of, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution

judgments of, [The Fatalistic Fallacy]

law, [Conscience Formed by Association]

master-morality, [Master Morality]

morals vs. science, [Moral Beliefs]

origin of, [Moral Subjectivism Is Not Arbitrary]

origins of, [Origins of Morality]

right and wrong, [Nature of Conscience]

slave-morality, [Slave Morality]

mores, [Conscience Formed by Association]

motion

unity of, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]

motives, Of Motives

pleasure, [Knowledge and Pleasure]]

names

distinction of, [Ethical Error as Ignorance]

natural selection, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution

nature, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus, 1 [How Moral Virtue is Acquired]

See also essence

biological, Topics Worth Investigating

human, 6 [Happiness Is Not Amusement]

laws of, [Infinite Complexity of Nature], [The Idea of Free Will]

system of, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza

nay-saying, Topics Worth Investigating

necessity

inductive rules, [The Fatalistic Fallacy]

vs. fatalism, [The Fatalistic Fallacy]

Nichomachean Ethics, Topics Worth Investigating

Nietzsche, Friedrich, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus, Topics Worth Investigating, Slave and Master Morality by FriedrichNietzsche

truth, Ideas of Interest from The Will to Believe

Will to Power, Topics Worth Investigating

nihilism, [Courage of the Everyday Person]

normative, The Study of Society

Novalis, [Psychological Aspect of Dying], Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza

objective standards, Ethics Are Relative by EdwardWestermarck

observation

conditions of, [The Application of Logic to Human Conduct]

objectivity of, [An Independent Observer Can Be Practically Impossible]

Occam's Razor, Topics Worth Investigating

See also simplicity, principle of

occasionalism, Ideas of Interest from The Ethics

Ohiyesa, The Soul of the Indian by Ohiyesa

omens, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

option theory, [Hypotheses and Options]

See also James, William

Ortega y Gasset, José, Topics Worth Investigating

ought, Of the Principle of Utility

ought-is distinction, Egoism Is Mistaken by DavidHume

pain, [Fundamental Maxims]

as punishment, [Conscience Formed by Association]

panentheism, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza

pantheism, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza

paradox, Preliminary Expectoration

of faith, Preliminary Expectoration

Pascal, Blaise, The Wager by BlaisePascal

emotion, [Discovery in Science]

Wager, Topics Worth Investigating

passion, Topics Worth Investigating, Egoism Is Mistaken by DavidHume, 5 [Moral Virtue Is Character]

See also emotion

passions, Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting

perception

active, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

pessimism, [Courage of the Everyday Person]

philosopher

characteristics of, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

philosophy

critical, Act in Accordance with Universal Law by ImmanuelKant

Oriental, [Ideals]

positive, The Reading Selection from Cours de Philosophie Positive

study of, Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting

physical training, Basic Ideas of Morality

pity, [Public Benefits]

Plato, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident], Topics Worth Investigating, The Socratic Paradox by Plato

Academy, The Socratic Paradox by Plato

pleasure, Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting, 6 [Happiness Is Not Amusement], The Ring of Gyges by Plato, Of the Principle of Utility, Value… How to be Measured

and good, [Pleasure and Good]

and pain, [Fundamental Maxims]

and time, [Fundamental Maxims]

kinds of, [Fundamental Maxims]

politicians

use of morals, [State of Nature]

posivitism, Positive Philosophy by AugustComte

power

personal, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion

practical person, The Reading Selection from The Enchiridion, [Life's Values and Meanings]

pragmatism, The Will to Believe by William James, What Makes a Life Significant? by WilliamJames

praise

use by politicians, [Origins of Morality]

praise and blame, Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting

predestination, Varieties of Determinism

predeterminism, Varieties of Determinism

prediction

consequences of, [Exact Prediction Is Compatible with Free Will]

statistical, [The Application of Logic to Human Conduct]

predictions

general and specific, [Aspects of a Science of Human Nature]

pride, [Classes of People]

Prisoner's Dilemma, Topics Worth Investigating

promises, [Categorical Imperative]

prophets, [Courage of the Everyday Person]

Protagoras, [Do All Virtues Imply Knowledge?]

prudence, Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting

psychology, Topics Worth Investigating

punishment, [Conscience Formed by Association], Of Principles Adverse to that of Utility

rational decision theory, Happiness Is the Greatest Good by JeremyBentham

rationalism, Act in Accordance with Universal Law by ImmanuelKant

Raymond, Eric S., Why Open Source?

reality

objective, Act in Accordance with Universal Law by ImmanuelKant

reason, Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting

and emotion, [Categorical Imperative]

cultivation of, [The Good Will]

hindrance to good, [The Good Will]

reductio ad absurdum, Topics Worth Investigating

reductionism, Topics Worth Investigating

See also vitalism

relativism

ethical, Ethics Are Relative by EdwardWestermarck, The Objectivity of Moral Judgements by G. E.Moore

psychological, [Moral Subjectivism Is Not Arbitrary]

sociological, [Emotivism: Is Ethics Based on Feelings?], [Relativism: Is Ethics Based on What People Think?]

relativity

cultural, Ethics Are Culturally Relative by Charles A.Ellwood

religion, [Religious Questions]

See also faith

basis of morality, [Origins of Morality]

cartoons, [Religious Use of Dying Repentance]

extremism, Topics Worth Investigating

morality, It Doesn't Pay to Be Religious by G. W.Foote

offerings, Give All or Nothing!

origin of, [Origins of Morality]

Renan, Ernst, [Psychological Aspect of Dying]

reputation, Basic Ideas of Morality

resignation, Preliminary Expectoration

revelation, [Whether God Is the Source of Right]

right, Of Principles Adverse to that of Utility

rights

property, Give All or Nothing!

Ring of Gyges, Myth of, Topics Worth Investigating

Romans, [Origins of Morality]

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Topics Worth Investigating

Russell, Bertrand, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident]

skepticism, Topics Worth Investigating

sacrifice, A Panegyric on Abraham

scepticism, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident]

Schiller, Friedrich, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident]

Schleiden, Matthias, [Life Explained by Scientific Law]

Schopenhauer, Arthur, [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident]

Schwann, Theodor, [Life Explained by Scientific Law]

science, Topics Worth Investigating

causality, [Human Nature as a Subject of Science]

discovery, [Discovery in Science]

empirical, [Unification of Science of Natural Processes]

explanation, [Human Nature as a Subject of Science]

of human nature, [Human Nature as a Subject of Science], [The Science of Human Nature]

prediction, [Human Nature as a Subject of Science], [Aspects of a Science of Human Nature]

science vs. morals, [Moral Beliefs]

unity of, Science of Natural Processes by FrederickEngels

security, [Fundamental Maxims]

self-denial, [State of Nature]

See also altruism

self-interest, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

conscience, [Nature of Conscience]

self-knowledge, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus

self-preservation, [Actions for the Sake of Duty], Topics Worth Investigating, [Public Benefits], Topics Worth Investigating

selfish

gene, Topics Worth Investigating

selfishness, [The Fatalistic Fallacy], Topics Worth Investigating, [The Self-Interest Hypothesis]

See also egoism

sexual customs, Basic Ideas of Morality

Sidgwick, Henry, Topics Worth Investigating

silence

and character, Silence the Corner-Stone of Character

simplicity, principle of, [Presupposition of Simplicity]

Sioux, Topics Worth Investigating

Sioux Indians, The Soul of the Indian by Ohiyesa

skepticism

James, [Religious Questions]

scientific, [Options in Science]

slave-morality, Topics Worth Investigating, [Ideas of Individuals]

slavery, 6 [Happiness Is Not Amusement], [Origin of Aristocracy]

Smith, Adam, Human Beings Are Selfish by BernardMandeville

social

classes, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution

organization, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution

social contract, Topics Worth Investigating, The Reading Selection from The Republic, Topics Worth Investigating, [Origins of Morality], Of the Principle of Utility, Topics Worth Investigating

social relations, Of the Principle of Utility

Bentham, Value… How to be Measured

James, [Social Relations]

society, [Fundamental Maxims]

American Indian, Basic Ideas of Morality

sociology, Positive Philosophy by AugustComte, [The Application of Logic to Human Conduct]

and ethics, The Study of Society

reflexive nature of, [Exact Prediction Is Compatible with Free Will]

value neutral, [The Fatalistic Fallacy]

Socrates, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza, Topics Worth Investigating, [Categorical Imperative], We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus, The Ring of Gyges by Plato

Socratic Paradox, [Ethical Error as Ignorance]

Sophist

Protagoras, [Do All Virtues Imply Knowledge?]

Sophists, [Moral Subjectivism Is Not Arbitrary]

Sorley, William R., [Moral Principles Are Not Self-Evident]

soul, Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting

Spinoza, Baruch, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza

The Ethics, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza

Spinoza, Benedict, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus

stages on life's way, Truth is Faith by SørenKierkegaard

state of nature, [State of Nature], [Origins of Morality]

statistics

human conduct, [An Independent Observer Can Be Practically Impossible]

uniformity, [The Fatalistic Fallacy]

Stoicism, Varieties of Determinism, Topics Worth Investigating, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus

structuralism, Topics Worth Investigating

subjectivism

advantages of, [Moral Subjectivism Is Not Arbitrary]

ethical, [Moral Subjectivism Is Not Arbitrary]

succession, Topics Worth Investigating

suicide

statistics of, [General Laws Are Not Deterministic]

Sumner, William Graham, Ethics Are Culturally Relative by Charles A.Ellwood

Supreme Being

source of morals, [Whether God Is the Source of Right]

survival, Ethics Are Culturally Relative by Charles A.Ellwood

sympathy, [Nature of Conscience], [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

principle of, Topics Worth Investigating, Of Principles Adverse to that of Utility, [Master Morality]

Taylor, Harriet, A Science of Human Nature by John StuartMill

teleology

ethics, Topics Worth Investigating

temperance, Basic Ideas of Morality

Thackeray, William M., [Psychological Aspect of Dying]

theology, [The Theological State], Epicurus to Menœceus, Greeting

tidology, [The Theory of the Tides], [Critique of Mill's Science of Human Nature]

Tocqueville, Alexis de, A Science of Human Nature by John StuartMill

tolerance, [Life's Values and Meanings]

Tolstoy, Leo, [Courage of the Everyday Person]

transference, [Conscience Formed by Association]

transformation of energy, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]

truth, Truth is Faith by SørenKierkegaard

Nietzsche, Slave and Master Morality by FriedrichNietzsche

uniformity

practical view of, [The Fatalistic Fallacy]

speculative view of, [The Fatalistic Fallacy]

utilitarianism, Topics Worth Investigating, The Objectivity of Moral Judgements by G. E.Moore, A Science of Human Nature by John StuartMill, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating

Hume, Egoism Is Mistaken by DavidHume

utility, [Fundamental Maxims]

Nietzsche, [Slave Morality]

principle of, Of the Principle of Utility, Of Principles Adverse to that of Utility

Utopia, [Life's Values and Meanings]

values, [Life's Values and Meanings]

vanity, Ideas of Interest from Beyond Good and Evil , [Creation of Values]

Venn, John, Statistics as Applied to Human Action by JohnVenn

virtue, 13 [Kinds of Virtue], 1 [How Moral Virtue is Acquired], [Courage of the Everyday Person], [Culture, Courage, Ideals, and Joyful Sympathy]

as knowledge, [Can Virtue Be Taught?]

its own reward, [Public Benefits]

origin of, [Origins of Morality]

parts of, [Do All Virtues Imply Knowledge?]

rewards of, [Public Benefits]

vitalism, Ideas of Interest from Ludwig Feuerbach

volition

formal principle of, [Actions for the Sake of Duty]

war, The Bearing of the Theory of Evolution, Rules for an Honorable Warfare

Westermarck, Edward, Ethics Are Culturally Relative by Charles A.Ellwood, Ethics Are Relative by EdwardWestermarck

Whitehead, A. N., The Socratic Paradox by Plato

will, 8 [The Contemplative Life]

Will to Power, [Life Denial]

wisdom

practical, 6 [Disposition to Choose the Mean], 8 [The Contemplative Life]

theoretical, 7 [Happiness Is the Contemplative Life]

Wöher, Friedrich, [Origin of Life]

Zeno of Citium, We Should Value What's In Our Control by Epictetus