Test 2: Determinism, Religion, Duty

Important Concepts: be able to characterize and give examples.

scientific (hard) determinism		soft determinism
predeterminism		fatalism
predestination		indeterminism
a priori chance		a posteriori chance
Socratic Paradox		hedonism
Epicureanism		Cynicism
apatheia		egotism
Stoicism		psychological egoism
ethical egoism		will to power
slave morality		master morality
instrumental good		intrinsic good
active awareness		social contract
principle of æsceticism		self-interest

Important Distinctions: be able to list differences and give examples.

1. free will and determinism
2. pleasure and happiness
3. Epicureanism and hedonism
4. Egoism and hedonism
5. psychological and ethical egoism
6. lower pleasure and higher pleasure
7. principles of sympathy and antipathy
8. master and slave morality

Important Essays: Be able to explain in depth.

1. What is the Socratic Paradox? What is paradoxical about it? How are the distinctions between instrumental and intrinsic goods and means and ends related to the paradox?
2. What are the main points of and objections to Epicureanism? What is the role of pleasure in Epicureanism?
3. What are the main points of and objections to Stoicism? What rôle does active awareness play in Stoic philosophy?
4. Explain some of the common confusions with examples concerning the use of the terms ``self-interest,'' ``selfishness,'' and ``other-regarding motives.''
5. Explain the major objections to psychological egoism.