True-False Questions (50 pts.)

Directions: Write the word ``true'' or the word ``false'' in accordance with the truth or falsity of the statement next to the number of each question without copying the questions on your submitted paper.

1. __________________________ Anselm's Ontological Argument is an a priori argument.
2. __________________________ Gaunilo's Perfect Island Argument is designed to support the idea of a being than which no greater can be conceived.
3. __________________________ According to Anselm, it is possible to imagine a Perfect Being not existing.
4. __________________________ Anselm believes that something existing in the mind and reality might not be greater than something existing in reality by itself since nothing in reality can be perfect, and perfection is an ideal.
5. __________________________ Anselm says in effect whoever cannot understand his definition of God is not worth arguing with.
6. __________________________ Anselm says that if a thing can be conceived not to exist, that thing cannot be the being than which no greater can be conceived.
7. __________________________ Anselm defines God as ``a being in which no greater can be conceived.''
8. __________________________ Anselm assumes that the existence of something must be one of the characteristics of that thing.
9. __________________________ Anselm ultimately believes that if something is perfect, it must exist since existence is part of the meaning of perfection.
10. __________________________ Most philosophers today agree that Anselm's argument is actually a version of the Perfect Island Argument.
11. __________________________ Aquinas' Argument from Motion relies on the impossibility of infinitely tracing back the concepts of cause and effect to the origin of the universe.
12. __________________________ Aquinas' believes that the number of objects in the universe is not infinite.
13. __________________________ The central concept of the Argument from Gradation is based on the medieval concept of the Great Chain of Being.
14. __________________________ Aquinas' Argument From Gradation (Degrees of Being) not only attempts to prove God's existence but also attempts to prove the existence of an All-Evil Being.
15. __________________________ Aquinas believes that the cause of something and the motion of something are, when all is said and one, the same thing.
16. __________________________ Aquinas implicitly assumes in his First Cause Argument that all natural events have causes and miracles cannot exist.
17. __________________________ Aquinas believes that some of the characteristics of God include being a First Mover and also being an Unmoved Mover.
18. __________________________ The central premise of the Argument from Necessity is the idea that at least one thing is the universe cannot be empirically or logically dependent on other things.
19. __________________________ The Design Argument is also called ``the Teleological Argument.''
20. __________________________ Paley states that anyone would wonder how a stone came to be in a field in a similar manner as anyone would wonder how a watch came to be created.
21. __________________________ Paley argues that we need to distinguish between descriptive law and prescriptive law.
22. __________________________ Paley believes that an imperfection in the design of a watch implies an imperfection in the designer of the watch.
23. __________________________ Paley, in his Teleological Argument, compares the universe to a watch in terms of the limited size of both.
24. __________________________ Teleology is the doctrine that every event (including mental events) has a cause, and in principle this cause can be known.
25. __________________________ Paley believes that a person would be a fool if he believed that the universe could come about through chance events.
26. __________________________ Most philosophers agree that if a pattern or order is perceived in something, then this pattern or order must imply the existence of a designer.
27. __________________________ From a logical point of view, Paley's Watch Argument is a much stronger argument that Aquinas's Design argument.
28. __________________________ Pascal argues that we can know what God is, but we cannot know that God is.
29. __________________________ Pascal believes his Wager proves God's existence proved beyond a reasonable doubt.
30. __________________________ Pascal points out that we come to believe in God by acting as though we believe in God rather than basing his existence on reason, argument, or proof.
31. __________________________ Pascal believes that we have nothing to lose by believing in God's existence, and we have everything to lose by not believing in God's existence.
32. __________________________ Pascal believes that our emotion has its reasons that consciously we cannot know because our intuition is often counter-intuitive.
33. __________________________ Pascal thinks that the most important things in life are only meaningful if they are provable by reason alone.
34. __________________________ Pascal thinks that the most important things in life are not the kinds of things that we bother to prove.
35. __________________________ Pascal thinks his Wager will not convince someone who already believes, to believe in God.
36. __________________________ According to the Wager, we have nothing to lose by believing that God does not exist.
37. __________________________ An important objection to Pascal's Wager is that the same risks of not believing in God are incurred for not believing in gods of other religions, as well.
38. __________________________ One of the strongest objections to the Design Argument is the problem of evil.
39. __________________________ Logical and mathematical proofs are a posteriori arguments since we learn mathematical principles only by experience.
40. __________________________ The field of the philosophy of religion studies the belief systems of the world's major religions and the revealed truths of various religions systems.
41. __________________________ The statement ``Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius'' is an a priori statement.
42. __________________________ Aristotle's final factor is the form, pattern, or structure, of any event.
43. __________________________ Aristotle's notion of ``efficient cause'' is the same concept as what is used today as a ``cause'' in scientific explanation.
44. __________________________ Dostoevsky's Ivan argues that there is no satisfactory explanation of the problem of evil.
45. __________________________ Dostoevsky argues that the death of an innocent child can be reconciled with a good Creator if one realizes that evil exists for a good purpose.
46. __________________________ Hick believes that the problem of evil proves that God was unable to create a perfect universe.
47. __________________________ John Stuart Mill believes that God is not omnipotent but He does the best that he can in the creation of the universe.
48. __________________________ Hick believes that most of the problems with moral evil are attributable to the free will of persons.
49. __________________________ Hick believes that the idea that God could create wholly good people is a contradiction in terms.
50. __________________________ Hick does not believe in the doctrine of hard determinism.