Reading for Philosophical Inquiry: A Brief Introduction to Philosophical Thinking ver. 0.21; An Open Source Reader
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Index

Æneid, [Philo's Objections]
à posteriori, Natural and Deductive Theology
à priori, Natural and Deductive Theology, [Human Condition]
æsthetics, Axiology: the Study of Value, [Moral Choice]
Abraham, [Anguish]
absolute, [Subjectivity], [Human Condition]
absurd, the, Personal Uses of Philosophy, [Being Undermined], Le Mythe de Sisyphe by Albert Camus - trans. by Hélène Brown, [The Absurd Victory], [The Death of an Innocent Child]
Academy, The Sea-Fight Tomorrow by Aristotle
Achilles, [Do What's Right, Regardless]
actions, [Anguish], Of Motives
See also acts
authentic, Le Mythe de Sisyphe by Albert Camus - trans. by Hélène Brown
intention, [Defense Against Corruption of the Youth], [Why Exile Is Not Acceptable]
acts, Value of a Lot of Pleasure or Pain, [Authenticity and Self-Deception]
actuality, Topics Worth Investigating, [The Argument from Motion]
afterlife, [Argument That Death Is a Good]
Agassiz, Louis, In the Laboratory With Agassiz, by Samuel H. Scudder, What Makes a Life Significant? by WilliamJames
Alexander the Great, Life of Excellence: Living and Doing Well by Aristotle
anarchists, [One Last Example]
Anaxagoras, [Defense Against Atheism]
Anselm, Saint, Philosophy of Religion, The Ontological Argument by St. Anselm, Topics Worth Investigating, From the Nature of the Universe by Thomas Aquinas
Antiphon, The Ring of Gyges by Plato, The Reading Selection from The Ring of Gyges
antipodes, [Coherence as Conceivability], [Coherence Theory of Truth]
appetite, Ideas of Interest from The Ethics, [The Illusory Nature of Free Decisions]
See also emotion
bodily, [Decision Defined]
appetites, 1 [How Moral Virtue is Acquired]
Aquinas, Saint Thomas, Philosophy of Religion, From the Nature of the Universe by Thomas Aquinas
areté, Topics Worth Investigating
See also virtue
argument
analogical, An Answer to Anselm by Gaunilo, [Philo's Objections]
Aristophanes, [Defense Against Older Accusations], [Defense Against Atheism]
Aristotle, Topics Worth Investigating, From the Nature of the Universe by Thomas Aquinas, Philosophical Ethics, Epistemology and Metaphysics, [Truth Is Made], Topics Worth Investigating, [Truth Value of Statements]
art, [Art Is a Decoy], 1 [All Activity Aims at Some Good], 6 [Disposition to Choose the Mean], Axiology: the Study of Value
See also æsthetics
artisans, [Socrates Cross-examines Others]
asceticism
principle of, Of Principles Adverse to that of Utility
astronomy, [The Theory of the Tides]
atheism, [Defense Against Atheism], [Existence Precedes Essence], [Abandonment], [Existential Humanism]
Augustine, Saint, [The Argument from Design]
authenticity, [Authenticity and Self-Deception]
axiology, Axiology: the Study of Value
barometer, Characterization of Philosophy, The Barometer Story by Alexander Calandra
beauty, Axiology: the Study of Value
See also æsthetics
belief, [The Correspondence Theory]
Bentham, Jeremy, Philosophical Ethics, Topics Worth Investigating, Happiness Is the Greatest Good by JeremyBentham, A Science of Human Nature by John StuartMill
Bhagavad Gita, Topics Worth Investigating
Brahe, Tycho, Facts Are Often Theory-Dependent
Brooks, Phillips, [Ideas of Individuals]
Buddha, [Four Common Solutions]
Calandra, Alexander, Characterization of Philosophy
Camus, Albert, Personal Uses of Philosophy, Le Mythe de Sisyphe by Albert Camus - trans. by Hélène Brown
meaning of life, Topics Worth Investigating
capital punishment, [Response to the Verdict]
categorical imperative, Topics Worth Investigating, [Ideas as Copies of Reality]
causality, Epistemology: the Study of Knowledge, [Rational Knowledge Is Indefinite], [The Argument from First Cause], [Philo's Objections], Philosophical Ethics, Short Glossary of Terms, Positive Philosophy by AugustComte
local, [The Theory of the Tides]
cause, [The Argument from First Cause], 1 [How Moral Virtue is Acquired]
natural, [Origin of Life]
proportioned to effect, [Philo's Objections]
cell, organic
discovery of, [Life Explained by Scientific Law]
centaur, [Coherence as Conceivability]
Chaerephon, [Delphic Oracle]
Chain of Being, [The Argument from Gradation], Topics Worth Investigating
chance, [The Wager], Philosophical Ethics, Short Glossary of Terms
character, 1 [How Moral Virtue is Acquired], 6 [Disposition to Choose the Mean], [Ideals]
choice, Short Glossary of Terms, [Existence Precedes Essence], [Moral Choice], The Wager by BlaisePascal
See also option theory
Christianity, [Existence Precedes Essence]
Cicero, [Philo's Objections]
circular reasoning, Characterization of Philosophy, [Rational Knowledge Is Indefinite]
See also petitio principii
cogito ergo sum, (i) [Descartes' Clear and Distinct Ideas]
Colding, Ludvig, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]
compatibilism, Short Glossary of Terms
composition, Main Divisions of Philosophy
Comte, August, Epistemology and Metaphysics, Positive Philosophy by AugustComte
conceivability, [Coherence as Conceivability]
degrees of, [Coherence as Science]
concept
of existence, [Existence Is Not a Property]
concepts, Metaphysics (Ontology): the Study of Reality, [Existence Is Not a Property]
condition
necessary and sufficient, Ideas of Interest from The Will to Believe
consciousness, [Sisyphus: The Absurd Hero]
consequentialism, Topics Worth Investigating
contradiction, [Defense Against Atheism], Topics Worth Investigating, [Existence Is Not a Property], (ii) [Consistency of Formal Logic]
law of, Topics Worth Investigating, [Objection to the Coherence Theory of Truth]
contraries, Whether God exists?
Crito, [Doing What's Right, Regardless of Threat], [Why Exile Is Not Acceptable]
culture, [Culture, Courage, Ideals, and Joyful Sympathy]
Dali, Salvador, Axiology: the Study of Value
Darwin, Charles, The Teleological Argument by WilliamPaley, Life of Excellence: Living and Doing Well by Aristotle
Dawkins, Richard, Topics Worth Investigating
death, [Do What's Right, Regardless], Seek Truth Rather Than Escape Death, by Plato, [Why Exile Is Not Acceptable], [Truth, More Important Than Life], [Being Undermined], [The Myth of Sisyphus]
a good, [Argument That Death Is a Good]
as truth, [Truth of Death]
of an innocent, [The Death of an Innocent Child]
deduction, (i) [Descartes' Clear and Distinct Ideas]
geometrical method, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza
definition
operational, Metaphysics (Ontology): the Study of Reality
precising, Metaphysics (Ontology): the Study of Reality
Delphi effect, Why Open Source?
Delphic oracle, [Delphic Oracle]
demigods, [Defense Against Atheism]
democracy, Seek Truth Rather Than Escape Death, by Plato, [Creation of Values]
Greece, [Doing What's Right, Regardless of Threat]
Descartes, René, [Rational Knowledge Is Indefinite], The Ontological Argument by St. Anselm, [The Notion of God Does Not Imply Existence], Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza, [Existence Precedes Essence], [Despair], [Intersubjectivity], (i) [Descartes' Clear and Distinct Ideas]
knowledge, (i) [Descartes' Clear and Distinct Ideas]
design, [The Argument from Design], [Statement of the Watch Argument]
design argument, [Statement of the Watch Argument]
despair, [Truth of Death], [Despair]
destiny, [Absurdity and Happiness]
determinism, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza
scientific, Short Glossary of Terms
soft, Short Glossary of Terms
Spinoza, [Decision Defined]
devil, [The Inhumanity of Man]
Dewey, John, The Role of Facts In Understanding
dilemma, Topics Worth Investigating
disjunctive syllogism, Topics Worth Investigating
divine proportion, Axiology: the Study of Value
dogmatism, [The Values of Philosophy]
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, Topics Worth Investigating, [The Absurd Victory], Philosophy of Religion, The Problem of Evil by FyodorDostoevsky, Ideas of Interest from The Ring of Gyges, [Abandonment]
dreams, [Nature of Human Action], Topics Worth Investigating
duty, Axiology: the Study of Value
Sisyphus, [The Myth of Sisyphus]
economics, Topics Worth Investigating
egoism, [Enlargement of Self], The Ring of Gyges by Plato
ethical, Topics Worth Investigating
psychological, Topics Worth Investigating
emotion, [The Heart Has Its Reasons]
greed, [One Last Example]
passion, [James' Thesis], Ideas of Interest from the Nicomachean Ethics, Topics Worth Investigating, [Anguish]
value, [Abandonment]
empiricism, [The Positive State]
ends
and means, [Coherence as Conceivability]
energy
and motion, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]
Engels, Frederich, Epistemology and Metaphysics
Engels, Frederick, Science of Natural Processes by FrederickEngels
Epicureanism, [Four Common Solutions]
See also ethics
Epicurus, [Philo's Objections]
epistemology, Epistemology: the Study of Knowledge, [Philosophical Questions], Meaning of Life and God's Existence
error, [Requisites of a Theory of Truth]
essence, The Ontological Argument by St. Anselm, [Existence Precedes Essence]
ethics, Axiology: the Study of Value, [Philosophical Questions], Philosophical Ethics, Ideas of Interest from The Ring of Gyges, Topics Worth Investigating
See also morals
deontology, Topics Worth Investigating
doctrine of the mean, Ideas of Interest from the Nicomachean Ethics, 6 [Disposition to Choose the Mean]
duty, [Abandonment]
feminist, A Science of Human Nature by John StuartMill
Kantian, [Abandonment]
philosophical, Philosophical Ethics
religious, Philosophical Ethics
Socratic, Just Do What's Right by Plato
teleology, Topics Worth Investigating
Euclid, Characterization of Philosophy, Axiology: the Study of Value
Eudaimonia, Life of Excellence: Living and Doing Well by Aristotle
Euripides, [Defense Against Atheism]
evil, Topics Worth Investigating, [Argument That Death Is a Good], Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza
moral, [Love Your Neighbor]
non-moral, Topics Worth Investigating
problem of, Whether God exists? , [Statement of the Watch Argument], [The Problem of Evil]
evolution
theory of, [Origins of the Varieties of Organisms]
excellence, 6 [Disposition to Choose the Mean], Life of Excellence: Living and Doing Well by Aristotle
See also areté
excluded middle
law of, [Truth Value of Statements]
existence, The Reading Selection from Pro Insipiente, Topics Worth Investigating, [That God Is]
as a predicate, [Existence Is Not a Property], [Truth Value of Statements]
logic, [Potentiality and the Future]
meaning of, [Science Renders Life Meaningless]
existential import, Existence Is Not a Predicate by ImmanuelKant, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating
existentialism, Le Mythe de Sisyphe by Albert Camus - trans. by Hélène Brown, Topics Worth Investigating, [Existence Precedes Essence], [Human Condition], [Existential Humanism]
Christian, The Wager by BlaisePascal
despair, [Existential Humanism]
psychoanalysis, The Problem of Evil by FyodorDostoevsky
twentieth century, The Will to Believe by William James
facts, The Role of Facts In Understanding, [Requisites of a Theory of Truth]
and understanding, [The Death of an Innocent Child]
as true statements, Facts and Theories
theory-dependence, Facts and Theories
faith, Personal Uses of Philosophy, [Faith's Solution], [Sisyphus' Fate], [Social Relations]
See also religion
and reason, [That God Is]
fallacy
ad hominem, [Statement of the Watch Argument]
ad ignorantiam, Facts Are Often Theory-Dependent, [Statement of the Watch Argument]
ad populum, Facts Are Often Theory-Dependent, [Defense Against Corruption of the Youth]
composition, Topics Worth Investigating
false dilemma, Topics Worth Investigating
genetic, Topics Worth Investigating
falsity, [Truth as Verification], [Requisites of a Theory of Truth]
fatalism, [Truth, More Important Than Life], [Argument That Death Is a Good], [Absurdity and Happiness], Topics Worth Investigating, Short Glossary of Terms
fate, [Absurdity and Happiness]
Fechner, Gustav, Axiology: the Study of Value
felicific calculus, Happiness Is the Greatest Good by JeremyBentham
See also hedonism
Fermat, Pierre de, The Wager by BlaisePascal
Fibonacci numbers, Axiology: the Study of Value
five-minute world hypothesis, Epistemology: the Study of Knowledge
free will, Philosophical Ethics, Short Glossary of Terms, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza, [The Illusory Nature of Free Decisions], [Abandonment], [Authenticity and Self-Deception]
genuine option, [James' Thesis]
Spinoza, [The Idea of Free Will]
freedom, [Freedom of Contemplation], The Problem of Evil by FyodorDostoevsky
Freud, Sigmund, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating
friendship, [Life's Values and Meanings]
Gaunilo, Philosophy of Religion, An Answer to Anselm by Gaunilo
geometry
non-Euclidean, Characterization of Philosophy
GFDL, Why Open Source?
Gide, André, [Abandonment], [Moral Choice]
Glaucon, The Ring of Gyges by Plato
God, The Reading Selection from the Proslogium, [The Notion of God Does Not Imply Existence], [The Inhumanity of Man], [The Problem of Evil], Short Glossary of Terms, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza, [Existence Precedes Essence], [Existential Humanism]
argument from cause, [The Argument from First Cause]
argument from design, [The Argument from Design], [Cleanthes's Design Argument]
argument from gradation, [The Argument from Gradation]
argument from motion, [The Argument from Motion]
argument from necessity, [The Argument from Necessity]
conceivablility, The Reading Selection from Pro Insipiente
existence of, Philosophy of Religion, Meaning of Life and God's Existence, From the Nature of the Universe by Thomas Aquinas, The Teleological Argument by WilliamPaley
faith, [Faith's Solution]
infinite, [Philo's Objections]
that vs. what, From the Nature of the Universe by Thomas Aquinas, [That God Is]
gods, [Defense Against Atheism]
golden ratio, Axiology: the Study of Value
good, The Reading Selection from The Ring of Gyges, 1 [All Activity Aims at Some Good], 5 [Moral Virtue Is Character], Of Motives, [Master Morality]
Bentham, Value of a Lot of Pleasure or Pain
from evil, [The Argument from Design]
intrinsic, 7 [Definition of Happiness], 6 [Happiness Is Not Amusement]
person, [Do What's Right, Regardless]
good, the, 2 [The Good for Man], [Truth as Good]
Grinnell, Frederick, Facts Are Often Theory-Dependent
habits, Topics Worth Investigating
Hanson, Norwood Russell, Facts Are Often Theory-Dependent
happiness, [The Absurd Victory], [The Wager], [The Idea of Free Will], The Reading Selection from The Ring of Gyges, 7 [Definition of Happiness], 13 [Kinds of Virtue], 6 [Happiness Is Not Amusement], 7 [Happiness Is the Contemplative Life], Of the Principle of Utility, [Creation of Values]
and absurdity, [Absurdity and Happiness]
eudaimonia, Ideas of Interest from the Nicomachean Ethics
Hardy, G. H., "What Is Truth? by BertrandRussell
Hazlitt, Henry, The Role of Facts In Understanding
hedonism, Topics Worth Investigating
calculus, Value of a Lot of Pleasure or Pain
ethical, Topics Worth Investigating
psychological, Topics Worth Investigating
hedonistic calculus, Topics Worth Investigating, Happiness Is the Greatest Good by JeremyBentham
See also hedonism
Heidegger, Martin, [Existence Precedes Essence], [Abandonment]
heroes
ethics of, Axiology: the Study of Value
heroism, [The Absurd Victory]
Herschel, William, Existence Is Not a Predicate by ImmanuelKant
Heschel, Abraham Joshua, Topics Worth Investigating
history
progress, [One Last Example]
Hobbes, Thomas, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza, Topics Worth Investigating
Homer, [The Myth of Sisyphus]
human nature, [Love Your Neighbor]
Hume's Fork, Philosophical Ethics
Hume, David, Philosophy of Religion, Topics Worth Investigating, The Teleological Argument by WilliamPaley, Critique of the Design Argument by DavidHume
hypothesis, The Will to Believe by William James
James, [Hypotheses and Options]
religious, [Religious Questions]
scientific, [Discovery in Science]
hypotheticals, (i) [Descartes' Clear and Distinct Ideas]
ichthyology, In the Laboratory With Agassiz, by Samuel H. Scudder
idealists, [Ideas as Copies of Reality]
ideals, [Ideals]
ideas, [Ideas as Copies of Reality]
clear and distinct, (i) [Descartes' Clear and Distinct Ideas]
ignorance, [Four Common Solutions]
Iliad, Topics Worth Investigating
images, [Coherence as Conceivability]
imagination, [The Idea of Free Will]
inauthenticity, [Four Common Solutions]
indeterminism, Short Glossary of Terms
individuation
criterion of, Metaphysics (Ontology): the Study of Reality
induction
problem of, Short Glossary of Terms
infinity, [Science Renders Life Meaningless], [Rational Knowledge Is Indefinite], [The Argument from Motion], [The Argument from First Cause], [Philo's Objections], [That God Is], [The Problem of Evil]
intuition, (i) [Descartes' Clear and Distinct Ideas]
irony, Topics Worth Investigating, Ideas of Interest from the The Apology, II
James, William, Topics Worth Investigating, Philosophical Ethics, The Will to Believe by William James, Epistemology and Metaphysics, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating, What Makes a Life Significant? by WilliamJames
option theory, [Hypotheses and Options]
James-Lang theory, Topics Worth Investigating
Jaspers, Karl, [Existence Precedes Essence]
Jewish philosophy, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza
Joachim, Harold H., Epistemology and Metaphysics, Coherence Theory of Truth by Harold H.Joachim
Joule, James Prescott, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]
joy, [Culture, Courage, Ideals, and Joyful Sympathy]
judgment
constituents of, [The Correspondence Theory]
hypothetical, (i) [Descartes' Clear and Distinct Ideas]
relational, [The Correspondence Theory]
Jung, Carl Gustav
psychological types, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating
Jupiter, [The Myth of Sisyphus]
justice, [Freedom of Contemplation]
justification, Epistemology: the Study of Knowledge
Kant, Immanuel, Philosophy of Religion, Existence Is Not a Predicate by ImmanuelKant, Topics Worth Investigating, [Existence Precedes Essence], [Intersubjectivity], [Moral Choice], [Authenticity and Self-Deception]
Kaufmann, Walter, Topics Worth Investigating
Keats, John, Topics Worth Investigating
Kepler, Johannes, Why Open Source?, Facts Are Often Theory-Dependent
Kierkegaard, Søren, The Wager by BlaisePascal, Short Glossary of Terms, [Anguish]
the crowd, Topics Worth Investigating
kinds, [Unverified Truth]
Kneale, William Calvert, Topics Worth Investigating
knowledge, [Philosophy and Science], [Enlargement of Self], [Rational Knowledge Is Indefinite], 5 [Popular Notions of Happiness], Epistemology and Metaphysics
absolute, [The Theological State]
by acquaintance, [Requisites of a Theory of Truth]
foundations of, (i) [Descartes' Clear and Distinct Ideas]
irrational, [Faith's Solution]
practical, [The Science of Human Nature]
probable, Epistemology: the Study of Knowledge
the good, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza
theory of, (i) [Descartes' Clear and Distinct Ideas]
Laplace, Pierre-Simon, Short Glossary of Terms
law, Topics Worth Investigating, The Reading Selection from The Ring of Gyges, Happiness Is the Greatest Good by JeremyBentham
Comte, [Fundamental Law of Development]
God, [Faith's Solution]
moral, Topics Worth Investigating
natural, [Science Renders Life Meaningless], Short Glossary of Terms, The Teleological Argument by WilliamPaley
See also nature, laws of
of nature, Ideas of Interest from Natural Theology, [Statement of the Watch Argument]
political, [Master Morality]
social development, Positive Philosophy by AugustComte
Le Mythe de Sisyphe, Le Mythe de Sisyphe by Albert Camus - trans. by Hélène Brown
learning
nature of, In the Laboratory With Agassiz, by Samuel H. Scudder
Leibniz, Gottfried, [The Notion of God Does Not Imply Existence], The Wager by BlaisePascal, [Existence Precedes Essence]
Leonardo da Vinci, Axiology: the Study of Value
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, [Truth Is Made]
life
as evil, [Rational Knowledge Is Indefinite]
foundation of, [Life Explained by Scientific Law]
origin of, [Origin of Life]
unexamined, [Why Exile Is Not Acceptable]
Locke, John, Topics Worth Investigating
logic
consistency, (ii) [Consistency of Formal Logic], Topics Worth Investigating
formal, (ii) [Consistency of Formal Logic]
laws of, Topics Worth Investigating, [Objection to the Coherence Theory of Truth]
materials, (ii) [Consistency of Formal Logic]
relations, [Requisites of a Theory of Truth]
validity, (ii) [Consistency of Formal Logic]
logistic thesis, "What Is Truth? by BertrandRussell
lottery paradox, Epistemology: the Study of Knowledge
love, [The Heart Has Its Reasons], [Love Your Neighbor], [Life's Values and Meanings], [Freedom of Contemplation]
See also emotion
neighbor, [Love Your Neighbor]
Lyceum, Life of Excellence: Living and Doing Well by Aristotle
Mach, Ernst, [Truth Is Made]
Marcel, Gabriel, [Existence Precedes Essence]
Marx, Karl, Science of Natural Processes by FrederickEngels
Marxism, Science of Natural Processes by FrederickEngels
master-morality, [Master Morality]
materialism, [Science Renders Life Meaningless], [Intersubjectivity], [Unification of Science of Natural Processes], [Requisites of a Theory of Truth]
early Greek, [Scientific Materialism]
historical, Science of Natural Processes by FrederickEngels
scientific, [Scientific Materialism]
mathematics, The Wager by BlaisePascal
matter
extension, [That God Is], Ideas of Interest from The Ethics, [Infinite Complexity of Nature]
Mayer, Robert, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]
meaning of life, [Enlargement of Self]
and art, [Art Is a Decoy]
and faith, [Faith's Solution]
and family, [Everyday Life]
and people, [Four Common Solutions]
and reason, [Rational Knowledge Is Indefinite]
and science, [Science Renders Life Meaningless]
meaninglessness, Le Mythe de Sisyphe by Albert Camus - trans. by Hélène Brown
means
and ends, [Cleanthes's Design Argument]
means to end, [Enlargement of Self]
mechanical equivalent of heat, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]
Medieval, From the Nature of the Universe by Thomas Aquinas
Meletus, [Defense Against Older Accusations], [Response to the Verdict]
memory, [The Illusory Nature of Free Decisions]
mental phenomena
laws of, [Aspects of a Science of Human Nature]
metaphysics, Main Divisions of Philosophy, [Philosophical Questions], From the Nature of the Universe by Thomas Aquinas, [The Metaphysical State]
meteorology, Topics Worth Investigating
middle class, [Life's Values and Meanings]
midlife crisis
arrest of life, The Will to Believe by William James
Mill, John Stuart, Epistemology and Metaphysics, Positive Philosophy by AugustComte, Topics Worth Investigating, A Science of Human Nature by John StuartMill
mind-body problem, Ideas of Interest from Ludwig Feuerbach
mind-body relation, [The Unknown Causes of Human Action]
James-Lange theory, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating
necessity, [The Idea of Free Will]
miracle, Philosophical Ethics
miracles, Topics Worth Investigating, Short Glossary of Terms
modus tollens, The Reading Selection from the Proslogium
monism, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza, Topics Worth Investigating
morals, Le Mythe de Sisyphe by Albert Camus - trans. by Hélène Brown, [The Death of an Innocent Child], Of the Principle of Utility, [Abandonment], [Moral Choice]
master-morality, [Master Morality]
morals vs. science, [Moral Beliefs]
slave-morality, [Slave Morality]
motion
unity of, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]
motives, Of Motives
mysticism, The Wager by BlaisePascal
myth, [Sisyphus: The Absurd Hero]
natural theology, The Teleological Argument by WilliamPaley
nature, Metaphysics (Ontology): the Study of Reality, Whether God exists? , [The Argument from Design], [Philo's Objections], 1 [How Moral Virtue is Acquired]
See also essence
biological, Topics Worth Investigating
human, 6 [Happiness Is Not Amusement], [Human Condition]
laws of, [Infinite Complexity of Nature], [The Idea of Free Will]
system of, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza
necessary, [Coherence as Conceivability]
necessary being, [The Argument from Necessity]
necessity, [The Argument from Necessity]
of events, [Truth Value of Statements]
Newton, Isaac, [Philosophy and Science]
Nietzsche, Friedrich, Topics Worth Investigating, Philosophical Ethics, Slave and Master Morality by FriedrichNietzsche
truth, Topics Worth Investigating
Will to Power, Topics Worth Investigating
nihilism, Topics Worth Investigating, [Courage of the Everyday Person]
Nobel Prize, Enlargement of Self by BertrandRussell
nothing, [The Argument from Necessity]
Novalis, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza
object, [Truth as the Useful]
observation, The Role of Facts In Understanding
occasionalism, Ideas of Interest from The Ethics
omnipotence, [The Argument from Design]
ontological argument, Philosophy of Religion, [The Notion of God Does Not Imply Existence]
Perfect Island Objection, The Reading Selection from Pro Insipiente
ontology, Metaphysics (Ontology): the Study of Reality
See also metaphysics
option theory, [Hypotheses and Options]
See also James, William
ought, Of the Principle of Utility
Paley, William, Philosophy of Religion, The Teleological Argument by WilliamPaley
panentheism, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza
pantheism, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza
paradox, Topics Worth Investigating
Pascal, Blaise, Philosophy of Religion, The Wager by BlaisePascal
emotion, [Discovery in Science]
Wager, The Will to Believe by William James, Topics Worth Investigating
Pascal, René
wager, [That God Is]
passion, Topics Worth Investigating, [Sisyphus: The Absurd Hero], 5 [Moral Virtue Is Character]
See also emotion
perfection, [The Argument from Gradation], [Philo's Objections]
pessimism, Topics Worth Investigating, [Courage of the Everyday Person]
petitio principii, Characterization of Philosophy, [Rational Knowledge Is Indefinite], Ideas of Interest from Pro Insipiente
philosophy, Main Divisions of Philosophy, Enlargement of Self by BertrandRussell, [Indirect Values of Philosophy], [Philosophical Questions], [The Values of Philosophy]
aim of, Main Divisions of Philosophy
and religion, Topics Worth Investigating, From the Nature of the Universe by Thomas Aquinas
branches of, [Coherence as Science]
critical, Existence Is Not a Predicate by ImmanuelKant
definition of, Characterization of Philosophy
epistemology, Personal Uses of Philosophy
ethics, Personal Uses of Philosophy
of life, Personal Uses of Philosophy
of religion, Personal Uses of Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion, Meaning of Life and God's Existence
Oriental, [Ideals]
positive, The Reading Selection Cours de Philosophie Positive
synoptic, Personal Uses of Philosophy, Main Divisions of Philosophy, Topics Worth Investigating
teaching of, [Do What's Right, Regardless]
value of, [The Values of Philosophy]
physics, Characterization of Philosophy, The Wager by BlaisePascal
gravity, Facts and Theories
piety, [The Defense Concluded]
Plato, Main Divisions of Philosophy, Just Do What's Right by Plato, [Doing What's Right, Regardless of Threat], Seek Truth Rather Than Escape Death, by Plato, [Why Exile Is Not Acceptable], Philosophical Ethics, Topics Worth Investigating, The Sea-Fight Tomorrow by Aristotle
Academy, Just Do What's Right by Plato, Life of Excellence: Living and Doing Well by Aristotle
pleasure, Philosophical Ethics, The Ring of Gyges by Plato, 6 [Happiness Is Not Amusement], Of the Principle of Utility, Value of a Lot of Pleasure or Pain
Pluto, [The Myth of Sisyphus]
poets, [Socrates Cross-examines Others]
polar concepts, [Enlargement of Self]
political science, Topics Worth Investigating
politicians, [Socrates Cross-examines Others]
politics, [Socrates' Divine Sign]
Ponge, Francis, [Abandonment]
positivism, Positive Philosophy by AugustComte, [The Positive State]
possibility, Topics Worth Investigating
postmodernism, Characterization of Philosophy
potential, [Potentiality and the Future]
potentiality, [The Argument from Motion]
practical person, [The Values of Philosophy], [Life's Values and Meanings], [The Practical Person]
See also morals, slave-morality
pragmatism, Philosophical Ethics, The Will to Believe by William James, [Ideas as Copies of Reality], What Makes a Life Significant? by WilliamJames
predestination, Epistemology: the Study of Knowledge, Topics Worth Investigating, Short Glossary of Terms
predeterminism, Short Glossary of Terms
predicate, [Existence Is Not a Property]
predictions, Short Glossary of Terms
general and specific, [Aspects of a Science of Human Nature]
presupposition, Characterization of Philosophy
principle
first, Metaphysics (Ontology): the Study of Reality, [The Argument from Design]
of charity, Personal Uses of Philosophy
of order, [Statement of the Watch Argument]
Prisoner's Dilemma, Topics Worth Investigating
probability, The Wager by BlaisePascal, Short Glossary of Terms
prophets, [Courage of the Everyday Person]
proposition, Topics Worth Investigating, [Truth Value of Statements]
See also statement
analytic, [Existence Is Not a Property]
truth value, [Truth Value of Statements]
Proust, Marcel, [You Are What You Live]
psyche, Seek Truth Rather Than Escape Death, by Plato
psychology, Main Divisions of Philosophy, [Philosophy and Science], Philosophical Ethics, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating
punishment, Of Principles Adverse to that of Utility
quality, Topics Worth Investigating
Quine, W. V. O., Facts and Theories, Related Ideas
Racine, Jean, [You Are What You Live]
rational decision theory, Happiness Is the Greatest Good by JeremyBentham
rationalism, [Truth Is Made]
Raymond, Eric S., Why Open Source?
real, [Coherence as Science]
reality, Metaphysics (Ontology): the Study of Reality, The Reading Selection from the Proslogium, [Despair], [Ideas as Copies of Reality], "What Is Truth? by BertrandRussell
reason, [Rational Knowledge Is Indefinite], Whether God exists? , Philosophical Ethics
life of, 7 [Happiness Is the Contemplative Life]
methods of, Philosophy of Religion
reductio ad absurdum, Epistemology: the Study of Knowledge, Topics Worth Investigating, The Reading Selection from the Proslogium, Topics Worth Investigating
regularity, [Truth as the Useful]
relations, [The Correspondence Theory]
relativism, [Enlargement of Self]
religion, [Philosophical Questions], [Religious Questions]
See also faith
extremism, Topics Worth Investigating
philosophy of, Meaning of Life and God's Existence
revelation, [Faith's Solution]
right, [Do What's Right, Regardless], Of Principles Adverse to that of Utility
rights
animal, Topics Worth Investigating
Ring of Gyges, Myth of, Topics Worth Investigating
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Topics Worth Investigating
Russell, Bertrand, Personal Uses of Philosophy, Main Divisions of Philosophy, Epistemology: the Study of Knowledge, Enlargement of Self by BertrandRussell, Existence Is Not a Predicate by ImmanuelKant, Topics Worth Investigating, Epistemology and Metaphysics, Topics Worth Investigating, "What Is Truth? by BertrandRussell
meaning of life, [Enlargement of Self]
skepticism, Topics Worth Investigating
Sartre, Jean-Paul, Philosophical Ethics
abandonment, [Abandonment]
anguish, [Anguish]
existence precedes essence, [Existence Precedes Essence]
Schelling, F. W. J., In the Laboratory With Agassiz, by Samuel H. Scudder
Schleiden, Matthias, [Life Explained by Scientific Law]
scholasticism, The Ontological Argument by St. Anselm, [Truth Is Made]
Schopenhauer, Arthur, [Four Common Solutions], [Rational Knowledge Is Indefinite]
Schwann, Theodor, [Life Explained by Scientific Law]
science, Main Divisions of Philosophy, [Science Renders Life Meaningless], Topics Worth Investigating, [Coherence as Science]
and philosophy, Main Divisions of Philosophy
Aristotelian, Characterization of Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
discovery, [Discovery in Science]
empirical, [Unification of Science of Natural Processes]
explanation, [Human Nature as a Subject of Science]
Greek, [Defense Against Atheism]
history of, [Philosophy and Science]
laws, Facts and Theories
natura., Topics Worth Investigating
of human nature, [Human Nature as a Subject of Science], [The Science of Human Nature]
prediction, [Aspects of a Science of Human Nature]
science vs. morals, [Moral Beliefs]
unity of, Science of Natural Processes by FrederickEngels
scientific method, The Barometer Story by Alexander Calandra
scorn, [The Absurd Victory]
Scudder, Samuel H., The Role of Facts In Understanding
self, (ii) [Consistency of Formal Logic], [Enlargement of Self]
See also ego
self-deception, [Anguish], [Authenticity and Self-Deception]
self-enlargement, Personal Uses of Philosophy
self-examination, [Do What's Right, Regardless]
selfish
gene, Topics Worth Investigating
sense
of judgment, [The Correspondence Theory]
simplicity
principle of, [Philo's Objections]
sin, [The Inhumanity of Man]
Sisyphus, [The Myth of Sisyphus], [Absurdity and Happiness]
myth of, [The Myth of Sisyphus]
skepticism, Epistemology: the Study of Knowledge, [Rational Knowledge Is Indefinite], The Ontological Argument by St. Anselm, [Statement of the Watch Argument], Critique of the Design Argument by DavidHume, The Wager by BlaisePascal, Epistemology and Metaphysics
James, [Religious Questions]
scientific, [Options in Science]
slave-morality, [Four Common Solutions], Topics Worth Investigating, [Ideas of Individuals]
slavery, 6 [Happiness Is Not Amusement], [Origin of Aristocracy], [Moral Choice]
social contract, The Reading Selection from The Ring of Gyges, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating, Of the Principle of Utility, Topics Worth Investigating
social relations, Of the Principle of Utility
Bentham, Value of a Lot of Pleasure or Pain
James, [Social Relations]
Socrates, Topics Worth Investigating
sociology, Positive Philosophy by AugustComte
Socrates, Personal Uses of Philosophy, Just Do What's Right by Plato, Seek Truth Rather Than Escape Death, by Plato, Topics Worth Investigating, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza, The Ring of Gyges by Plato, Life of Excellence: Living and Doing Well by Aristotle
as a gadfly, [Socrates, a Gadfly]
care for soul, [Do What's Right, Regardless]
divine sign, [Socrates' Divine Sign], [Socrates' Advice]
Socratic Paradox, Ideas of Interest from the The Apology, II
Solomon, [Four Common Solutions], [Rational Knowledge Is Indefinite]
sophist, [Defense Against Older Accusations], Topics Worth Investigating
Protagoras, Topics Worth Investigating
Sophocles, [The Absurd Victory]
soul, [Enlargement of Self]
Spinoza, Baruch, The Ontological Argument by St. Anselm, Philosophical Ethics, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza, Topics Worth Investigating
The Ethics, Human Beings are Determined by Baruch Spinoza
spirit, [Defense Against Atheism]
state, [Socrates, a Gadfly]
statement, Facts and Theories, Epistemology and Metaphysics
Stoicism, Short Glossary of Terms
structuralism, Topics Worth Investigating
subjective, [Existence Precedes Essence]
subjectivism, [Enlargement of Self]
subjectivity, [Intersubjectivity]
succession, Topics Worth Investigating
suffering, [Love Your Neighbor]
suicide, [Four Common Solutions], [The Death of an Innocent Child]
sympathy, [Abandonment]
principle of, Of Principles Adverse to that of Utility, [Master Morality]
synthesis, Main Divisions of Philosophy
system
coherence of, [Coherence as Science]
tautology, (ii) [Consistency of Formal Logic]
Taylor, Harriet, A Science of Human Nature by John StuartMill
teleological argument, The Teleological Argument by WilliamPaley
teleology, [The Argument from Design]
ethics, Topics Worth Investigating
theology, Short Glossary of Terms, [The Theological State], Topics Worth Investigating
See also religion
deductive, Natural and Deductive Theology
natural, Natural and Deductive Theology, The Wager by BlaisePascal
theory, [Ideas as Copies of Reality]
thought
nature of, (ii) [Consistency of Formal Logic]
tidology, [The Theory of the Tides]
time, The Sea-Fight Tomorrow by Aristotle
Tocqueville, Alexis de, A Science of Human Nature by John StuartMill
tolerance, [Life's Values and Meanings]
Tolstoy, Leo, Personal Uses of Philosophy, "Only Faith Can Give Truth" by LeoTolstoy, [Courage of the Everyday Person]
tragedy, [The Absurd Victory]
transformation of energy, [Transformation of Energy and Motion]
truth, [Philosophical Questions], Topics Worth Investigating, Ideas of Interest from A Confession, [Ideas as Copies of Reality]
absolute, (i) [Descartes' Clear and Distinct Ideas]
and the good, (ii) [Consistency of Formal Logic], Topics Worth Investigating, [Truth as Good]
coherence theory, Epistemology: the Study of Knowledge, [Coherence as Conceivability], [Coherence as Science], [Coherence Theory of Truth], Topics Worth Investigating, [Truth as Good], [Requisites of a Theory of Truth]
correspondence theory, Facts Are Often Theory-Dependent, [Coherence as Science], [Ideas as Copies of Reality], "What Is Truth? by BertrandRussell, [The Correspondence Theory], [Truth Value of Statements]
future, Topics Worth Investigating
Nietzsche, Slave and Master Morality by FriedrichNietzsche
ontological, [The Argument from Gradation]
practical, [Truth as the Useful]
pragmatic theory, Topics Worth Investigating, [Ideas as Copies of Reality]
See also pragmatism
properties of, [Coherence Is the Organized Whole]
self-evident, (i) [Descartes' Clear and Distinct Ideas]
unverified, [Unverified Truth]
unconscious, Topics Worth Investigating
understanding, The Reading Selection from the Proslogium
universal, [Human Condition]
universals, (ii) [Consistency of Formal Logic]
universe
infinity of, [Enlargement of Self]
Urmson, J. O., Axiology: the Study of Value
utilitarianism, Topics Worth Investigating, Topics Worth Investigating, A Science of Human Nature by John StuartMill
utility, [Indirect Values of Philosophy]
Nietzsche, [Slave Morality]
principle of, Of the Principle of Utility, Of Principles Adverse to that of Utility
Utopia, [Life's Values and Meanings]
values, [Abandonment], [Existential Humanism], [Life's Values and Meanings], Topics Worth Investigating
See also axiology
artistic, Axiology: the Study of Value
ethical, Axiology: the Study of Value
vanity, Ideas of Interest from Beyond Good and Evil , [Creation of Values]
verification, [Truth as Verification], [Truth as Good]
indirect, [Unverified Truth]
vindication, [Why Socrates is Wise]
virtue, [Response to the Verdict], 13 [Kinds of Virtue], 1 [How Moral Virtue is Acquired], [Courage of the Everyday Person], [Culture, Courage, Ideals, and Joyful Sympathy], Life of Excellence: Living and Doing Well by Aristotle
See also areté
as a mean, 6 [Disposition to Choose the Mean]
vision, Facts Are Often Theory-Dependent
vitalism, Ideas of Interest from Ludwig Feuerbach
watch argument, [Statement of the Watch Argument]
wealth, [Do What's Right, Regardless]
Western philosophy, Just Do What's Right by Plato
Whitehead, A. N., Just Do What's Right by Plato, "What Is Truth? by BertrandRussell
why-questions, Characterization of Philosophy
will, 8 [The Contemplative Life]
Will to Power, [Life Denial]
wisdom, [Delphic Oracle], [Why Socrates is Wise], [Do What's Right, Regardless], [Response to the Verdict], [The Absurd Victory]
practical, 6 [Disposition to Choose the Mean], 8 [The Contemplative Life]
theoretical, 7 [Happiness Is the Contemplative Life]
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, Topics Worth Investigating
world view, The Role of Facts In Understanding, Facts and Theories, Facts Are Often Theory-Dependent
World War II, Le Mythe de Sisyphe by Albert Camus - trans. by Hélène Brown
Wöher, Friedrich, [Origin of Life]
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