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Philosophy 103: Introduction to Logic
Exercises on Successive Immediate Inferences

Abstract: The following exercises are taken from Irving M. Copi and Carl Cohen, Introduction to Logic, 10th edition (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998), 238-239, IV: 1-10.
Please note: The use of "S" and "P" in these problems represents the terms "socialists" and "pacificists" respectively. "S" and "P" do not represent the subject and predicate positions--the subject and predicate positions cannot, of course, be moved and still make sense as an English sentence.

If you have any difficulty in solving these exercises, study carefully these strategies.


Statement

Reason

Truth Value

1 1. All S is P. given true
2. All nonP is nonS. contraposition true
3. Some nonP is not nonS. contradiction false

2 1. All S is P. given true
2. No S is nonP. obversion true

3 1. All S is P. given true
2. All nonP is nonS. contraposition true
3. All nonS is nonP. conversion undetermined

4 1. All S is P. given true
2. No S is nonP. obversion true
3. No nonP is S. conversion true

5 1. All S is P. given true
2. All nonP is nonS.* NOTE contraposition true
3. No nonP is nonS. contrariety false
4. No nonS is nonP. conversion false

6 1. All S is P. given true
2. All nonP is nonS. contraposition true

7 1. All S is P. given true
2. No S is P.* NOTE contrary false
3. No P is S. conversion false
4. All P is nonS. obversion false
5. No P is nonS. contrariety undetermined

8 1. All S is P. given true
2. Some S is not P. contradiction false

9 1. All S is P. given true
2. All P is S. conversion undetermined

10 1. All S is P. given true
2. No S is nonP obversion true
3. No nonP is S. conversion true
4. Some nonP is S. contradiction false

After studying these inferences, try the quiz on Successive Immediate Inferences.

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