April 27 2026 20:05 EDT

Gallery of the Rotunda, Library of Congress, LC-D4-13499

Gallery of the Rotunda,
Library of Congress,
LC-D4-13499






Citation Information for “Thomas Aquinas,
‘The Argument from Gradation’”


This page is not intended to be original or authoritative. The page is a summary of some main points and associated notes on the topic. Undoubtedly, there are scholarly and authoritative sources, both primary and secondary which ought be cited rather than these notes.

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Archie, Lee C, "Thomas Aquinas, ‘The Argument from Gradation,’" Philosophy of Religion (June 26, 2006) URL=<http://philosophy.lander.edu/CLASS/FILE.shtml>.


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”Evil cannot have place among Beings or in the Beyond-Being; these are good.

There remains, only, if Evil exist at all, that it be situate in the realm of Non-Being, that it be some mode, as it were, of the Non-Being, that it have its seat in something in touch with Non-Being or to a certain degree communicate in Non-Being.

By this Non-Being, of course, we are not to understand something that simply does not exist, but only something of an utterly different order from Authentic-Being…”

Plotinus, ”Eighth Tractate: On the Nature and Source of Evil,” Plotinus trans. Stephen Mackenna and B. S. Page (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1952), 30.




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